Photographic camera



Feb. 2, 1960 P. GREGER 2,923,216

. PHOTOGRAPHIE! CAMERA Filed Jan. 25, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet@ wxs/vra@ PAUL@ma eea www@ ATTORN EYS Feb. 2, 1960 Filed Jan. 25, 1956 P. GREGERPHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 /NVEN'O/Q PAUL GREGE R mmh +Qu,"

ATTORNEYS Feb. 2, 1960 p, GREGER 2,923,216

. PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Filed Jan, 25, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 19g /Nvs/vm?PAUL @RE @E sa mockerm RTTORN EYS Feb. 2, 1960 P. GREGER PHOTOGRAPHICCAMERA 4 Sheets-Sheet Y 4 Filed Jan. 25, 1955 /NVf/W'O@ PAu L G-REGERmodi SLW ATTORNEYS United Se@ Patent PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Paul Greger,Braunschweig, Germany, assigner to Voigtlander Aktiengesellschaft,Braunschweig, Germany, a corporation of Germany Application January 25,1956, Serial No. 561,276

' claims priority, appncaa'aa Germany January 29, 195s s claim.(cias-)'` This invention relates ,to photographic cameras provided withdevices for coupling the objective diaphragm, ex-

adjusting steps, which are necessary for vobtaining correct *"1exposure, witheachv other. Numerous suggestions have become known inthis connection in the art. The realization of these suggestionsresulted, among others, in shutter devices provided with light valueswhich are in quite general use in photography at present. In these typesof shutters the light valuesvcan be read from corresponding scales ofmodern electric exposure meters and adjusted on the camera shutter.

Moreover, it has also been suggested to couple with y,

each other not only the diaphrag'rriVv and shutter time, but

also the sensitivity of the film and, if desired, the filter factor andthe distance factor which latter is essential in certain cases ofpicture takingv with artificial light.

It has been likewise known to use a predetermined diaphragm or shuttertime andl automatically adjust the co` ordinated correct valueof theother exposure factor, i.e. the shutter timeor the diaphragm,independence from the pointer deflection of an electric exposure meter.These automatic devices operate insucli a mannerthat ment or the pointerdeflection is'me'chanically scanned and then transmitted to the memberto be adjusted.

The devices of, this type described in the art operate in generalwithdifferential gears. The structure of such either the current of thephotocell directly effects adjustgears is` relatively complicated. Theyare composed-cfa plurality of cog wheels, a combination of cog wheelsand racks and-the like. These individual parts must be exactly fitted toeach other in order to obtain satisfactory adjustment.- Theirmanufacture is, therefore, expensive.

ber of 'individual parts used'for' transmission increases.-

The main object of the present invention is4 to `eliminate the beforementioned diiculties and'defects. It is therefore an object of theinvention to provide a photographic camera in which the light value canbe adjusted independence on the measurement of an electric exposuremeter and in which coupling of the adjusting elements for diaphragm,exposure time'and film sensitivity is effected The accuracy ofmeasurements is nevertheless not entirely l satisfactory, because theaccuracy is reduced if the numby means of simple deviceswhich are safein operation Y and can be easily manufactured.

According tothe present invention, this object isat tained by couplingwith each other the factors influencing exposure, i.e the adjustingmeans for i.iiaplrrragm,'exposure time and l'mrsensitivity, by meansof alever system least one of said values influencing the exposure.

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v Y 2 which has a displaceable pivot for the consideratlonvpf Thevappended drawings illustrate by way of exemple :and without limitationsome embodiments of-and ways for carrying out the invention.

In the drawings Fig. 1 illustrates the principle of the device accordingto the present invention. Y Fig. 2 illustrates the essential parts of adevice according to the invention in perspective view. .Y

Fig. 3 is a perspective illustration of a device, similar 'to that shownin Fig. 2, but showing by way of example a shutter release; the cylindercontrolled by the exposure meter is omitted in this figure. A

Structural details of an embodiment of the'invenlion are shown in sideview, partially in section in Figli. Fig. 5 illustrates conversion ofthe rotary movement for adjustment of the film sensitivity into astraight line motion of a slide. v j

Figs. .6 and 7 illustrate the cam cylinder connectedwitli the electricalmeasuring system, in side view and in top view. Fig. 8 illustrates adevice embodying the present invention within a photographic camera, inperspective view.

Identical elements are denoted in all figures by videntical referencenumerals. v Parts which are not essentialfor theI disclosure andunderstanding of the inventionY have been omitted inlthe drawings.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, in Fig. l five scales areprovided' and connected with each other, either by continuousgor brokenlines. Scale 1 includes five grades of film sensitivity; scale 2includes. Seven light values; scale 3a includes seven time values'forthe objective shutter. To scale 3a a scale 3b corresponds which isapplied, opposite to scale 4 containing the seven diaphragm numbers, tothe circle 5, which may illustrate e.g. the shutter casing. Incarryingout the invention, the

'extent ofthe scale ranges is immaterial. They can be smallerl as wellas larger than in the example here shown. The mode of operation would belikewise the same if the scales rwould not be subdivided according tostepwise adjustments and if adjustment of the values inuencing theexposure for obtaining correct exposure would take place continuously.Fig. l also' shows a two-armed leverhaving lever arms 8a and 8b. To theend 1,1 of one of said lever arms, a straight ledge 9 is linked. Thecenter of rotation vti of the lever is displaceable alongvthe dash anddot line 7. The device here shown is dimensioned in such valuesaffecting correct exposure, can be coupled with each other.l In order tokeep the following description as clear and easily understandable aspossible, I limit the following description by way of example to controlmovements which take place in the scheme shown inthe plane of the sheetof the drawing. The number of the Ymembersto be coupled could beincreased without difficulty by permitting in addition to tiltingmovement of the llever arrangement, also rotary motions in other planes.

To the control steps of the latter, which would have to be definedlikewise exactly, if desired, over additional intermediate members,predetermined adjustment pathsof further aecting values, such as forexample filter factor, distance factor in the case of artificial lightand'othen, would have to be coordinated. v

Under the conditions shown in Fig. 1, the lever mechanics is adjusted tothe film sensitivity 18/10, DlNfand the light value 11. The exposuretime is set to lo'seeoud and f "sensitivity value and'thefdiaphragrn10"'526. "I'f, at unchanged exposure time'andunchanged"sensitivity of lthe negative, 'the light value changes forexample from-"l1 to 12, then point 11 shifts to', point 1111,4 wherebyover ledge A9 they ,diaphragms ,adfiustedromj'toS. "The sameyadjustment,ofjthe diaphragm iwouldoocur n ya "similar manner atunchanged I ght value vi'f the shutter time .ring lisdturued-lrom toy/30second. "Ihereby the`leverpoint 10 .wouldremain at light value l1,lthepoint of rotation 6 would moveby "one step along the vline`7upward`i. e., from d to c. `Point" 11 would move to fpositionllavandlift ledge end^12 from diaphragm` value '5.6 to dia- -Phrasm value 8,""jfy'ssuming, asjanother example, an exposure time of `%"secondtanda-f`sensitivity val-ue of the 'iilm inserted in "the Mcarriera of JonlyT5/'l0 DIN, 'then taking 'a j picture at a Alightpvalue `of 10, theobjective diaphragm'willfbe adjustedl tothe value2.v This happensbecause vadjustment jofdthejt'imefrorn 1&0 "tolly second means a step ofthe pivot'itirfromjv point dtopoint e; change .of .theiilmjsensitvityfrom-TISY 10 DIN to 1'571'0DIN means afurther stepOfvpivot 6 downward along the line 7, i. e.'t othe pont'f;i'furthermoraflever point 10 is VAdisplaced from light value 'll to the'light value 110, so'that finally lever'8a, '8b will occupy theposition,shown in dotted line, the end of "ledge A'12 takes vthreeAvsteps to the v.point l31211 and adjusts "the-'idiaphragmfvalue'l v a vn T'Ihedeversystem which couples the adjusting V.or-gans ,with eachother .for consideration Ao'f the values aifecting *the exposure, isfpreferably provided witha `two-armed "ever, =to."the ends of whichledge-shaped.transmission members are linkedas connections to theadjustingorgans.

'Thislever1is,'according`to the invention, tiltably orrotatvvblyifastened 'to va slide which Scan be displacedby itself;

"sor-'together with a second slide, relative to the camera rteasing."Both possibilities of displacement for the lever pivotcansbeprovided incourses which are equidirectional or-'may' form-.anydesiredv angle 'witheach other. fEquidiy-rfection'al rdisplacement is'preferred. This isattained in a vsimplemanner by arranging inl parallel position, Voneafter vitheothergtwo `slides which' are displaceably connectedjwit'hieach other by means of slot guides. Both slides canbetdisplaced'also relative to the camera casing and one *of the'slidescarries'the point'of rotation of the lever. VTo 'eachslide'anaffecting value can vbe coordinated. The `question whichV kind of valuesshould beseleeted in'. each case, i. e.y diaphragm, shutter time, Vlightva'lue, film sensitivity, '."lter .factorvor others, dependson the ,cir-YVeui'n's'tart'ces..of each individual case. According to a preterredembodiment of the invention,in which adjustment [of the diaphragm takesplace automatically, itis con- `ttn'npl'ated 'to displace one slideindependence on thetilm "sensitivity andthe other in dependence lon theadjustl:ment ofapredeternned exposure time." Both displacernentschangetheposition of the :lever pivot of ,the 55 l'coupling device, whichis"fastened, tothe slide system.' Displacement ofthe slides 4can beeiected by-.ag'reait fvaration 'of means in conventional manner. In viewof easy manufacture and maximum safety of, operation, itislleon'ternplated according r.to the,v invention tol ,use for theadjustment of `thelm sensitivityslidea manually operated Iscreen disc,Atothe .axis of rotation of which -a pinonis ,faste'ned. lhepinionengages a correspondingtoothing .ofthe-slide and causes l'displacementof the latter vupon yturning of they screen discffrom one .grade 'ofrthelm sensitivity to. another :by vcorresponding distances which tareequalto :each other.. Instead tot the lpinion other,displacingrgmeans;el:gecamaguidesor the like, can be used.zacheckingrmean's, ya windowv is provided, in whichthe .sensitivitynumber-of `rthe film -material used' isindic'ate'd Lin-feaehcase."Transmission ofthe exposure ,time adjustment to the couplinglever'system takesplace 'by'means l"of -a pin 'guide of' the 'secondslide in a cam-shaped recess islocatedinyanextensionlpeceof the Vtitheadjustvmassale ment ring and affects the position of the-lever pivot inaccordance with the selected exposure time.

The same eiect can be,:of course, also obtained by providing the timeadjusting ring with a pin which slides 6 in a corresponding cam recessof the slide. Instead of the exposure time, by the use ofthe same meansand in the same manner, the adjustment of the diaphragm can be likewisetransmitted to the llever-system,if such adjustment can befreelyselected. Y. y Transmission offt'he lig'ht vvalueilindicated bytheexposure meter, to the couplingrlever'zsystem takesmplace Y fullyautomatically according to the invention. AAny of the v'devices@knownfor such automatic transmission of pointer deflections `to the adjustingorgansrof thel iob- 15 jective diaphragm or exposure time Icanbe used.However, in order to=use al'sointhisfeonneetion only few andparticularly simple means, it is further contemplated according to thepresentinvention, to couple the rotary system fof the .Y electricfe'xp'osure vmeter fwith-a rotatably u arranged :cam shaft whichiszd'esignedin such 'a manner that its angular turnsjwhichicorr'espond`to the lightlvalues :measured in each casepcan be .scannedA fby a.contact mem- Aber onwits cams, :,pins, :aps,fteeth "or ythe like. Thescan- :ning: in such fa fdevice'rcan take-place without previousclamping `or :other arresting steps Ain :the :measuring instru ment,1of:the-.pointer :on its :cam shaft. Asa simplerscanning membenorexampleaaledge, rodor the" like, which isdisplaeeablebysspringfeiecttis`provided with a vsuitable .stopmember. Thisledgeggrodzor the like,aiects-.the'positionffot onevl'everaartaito v.which.itrmayfb/e,forfexample,

rlinked. .Thesledgeor .theJ1ike.is..disp1aced, rfor-example Yby:operation nof the release :mechanism :.of the `camera underspringwetectfor the Alike'along :the cani shaft, to :fsuoh an yextentuntil its fstop'abuts against vone of the cams, ite. against -thatcam-.whichfcorresponds Atothe measured ,.li'ghtlvalue in the, respectivecase. ,Thereby simultaneously over theother levertarm `and,` forexample, la transmission member linked thereto, either the exposure timelor the diaphragm iscorrectly .adjusted lIn Y,the device .ishowfn,.-rstthesensitivity vofthe negative material used fisintroducediutothercoupling device.

(Sec fFig. 2,) 'Ihis is donebyturnng the Idisc 20 ,by

means ofrknob4. The disc/20 -carries a ilrrry sensitivity scale .19.infront of the disc 20a window 31 is `provided n The` disc 20,isA turned-until [thessensi-tivity va-lue corresponding tothe-picture takingnegative material roc- Vcurs in windowf31, .In the.exan. 1plev.shown inthe .drawiug, thisvalueainounts to 1'8/10 ,D IN. Every adjustf ment y,isprotected from f inadvertent 1 shifting, .by locking Y spring 3.2.1inone ofwthenotches .33. Behind the disc 20, on'the axis of. .rotation 35thereof, 'a pinion 21 is. xedly arranged f(see.Figs./4].and .5). `This.pinion 21 engages teeth 2.2of .slide 14 and causes displacement 'of.the latter ,jupon 4turning disc Y20. Therebythe slide` 14 is displacedin accordance with .thegtilm-sensitfivity. adjusted .in window 3.1.JTogether @withgslide 14,Vpivot6 of .lever 8, whichV is arrangedonthezsli'de,;is'1also.displaced (s'eeFigs. .2, v3, and .8)- v,By .thisdisplacement-ot pvot 6, :theniilm fsen- .sitivity value is :introducedinto .'thecoupling device. Point .611Fig..-1.szxed.torthescorrectvaluealong yline r7 (see 1). y f .In .the embodimentishown infl theffdrawiugit fis assumed that the shuttergtixne' .can be. freely L selected and.adjusted .by,hand. This-,adjustment"momustbe introduced into lthecoupling .device-in ,order totobtain ultimately' correct v.exposuredata. Iheexposureittime is selected .by l:turning time-adjustingaing24rAdjustment-of the exposure time 224 lis provided with @e 'bentaap39iandnthis, rin turn, is

provided-.with af cam-shaped recess 25., finwhicha pin 6a is guided.This pin ais'txedly-'connected with slide -15 which vis displ-aceabl-yguided non'v partition -16 of the ,camera (seeiFigs. 4v andi 8,). ,-I'ftime-adjusting ringv 24 is turned, .slide V15 willbe,thusadisplaced,according Ato the JLpitt-hof recess,25,relativetogagnera;partitionrlt. fTogether with slide 15, slide 14which is connected to slide over pinion 21 and teeth 22, will bedisplaced in conformity with the adjustment of the shutter time. Thus,lever pivot 6 is subjected to its second displacement coordinated withthe time adjustment, along line 7 in Fig. l.

Correct adjustment of the diaphragm, based on the adjusted values of ilmsensitivity and shutter time under the light conditions prevailing inthe space of picture taking in the respective case, is fullyautomatically'effected by the electric exposure meter 54 (see Fig. 8).

The electromagnetic rotary system 26 is connected with a rotatablyarranged cam shaft 27 over a coupling 36 which prevents eventuallyoccurring knocks from reaching the measuring instrument. The cams, whichare shown in Figs. 2 and 8 as pins 28, are arranged along a helicalsurface line of member 27. Each of the pins 28 corresponds to a specificdiaphragm number. The cylinder 27 turns by angles, the size of which isproportional to the light value determined by the exposure meter. Inthis manner, each time a pin 28 reaches the contact range of stop member29 of adjusting ledge 13 which, after corresponding release, is moved bya spring 30 along member 27 until. its stop 29 abuts against one of thepins 28. The ledge 13 is linked to an end portion of one of the arms oflever 8 which is capable of swinging about pivot 6. The end of the otherlever arm is connected over rod 9 with an extension of diaphragmadjusting ring 40. If now spring 30 pulls contact member 29 in abutmentagainst one of the pins 28, then lever 8, the pivot 6 of which hasalready been displaced in conformity with the introduced values of filmsensitivity and exposure time (in the manner described above), is causedto swing by a predetermined amount and rod 9 transmits this adjustmentto the diaphragm adjusting ring 40. In this manner time and diaphragmare adjusted for correctly taking pictures, in dependence on the filmsensitivity and the measured light value.

Adjusting pin 41, which 1s fastened to diaphragm ring 40, is guided inan elongated hole 42 of transmission rod 9, whereby a tension spring 43tends to keep pin 41 in its terminal position in oblong hole 42. Thishole 42 is provided in order to take up swinging paths of lever 8,which, for example, at the initial position shown in Fig. 3, go beyondthe turning limits of adjusting ring 40.

For checking purposes, diaphragm ring 40 is provided with a mark 44, bymeans of which the diaphragm adjusting values can be read on scale 4S.

The arrangement of pins 28 on a cylinder 27 is particularly shown inFigs. 6 and 7. The number of the pins 28 can be freely selected anddepends on the number of the available diaphragm steps. The pins denoted28a in Fig. 7 serve merely as balance weights in order to relieve shaft53. Such relief can be, of course, obtained also by other conventionalmeans. The pitch of the helical line, along which the pins are arranged,depends on the angle of rotation of the indicating range of measuringsystem 26. Instead of a cylinder provided with pins, as shown in thedrawing, scanning of the measured light value can be effected also byother means such as cam shafts, metal strips bent into correspondinggrades, metal tubes or the like.

In Fig. 3, coupling lever 8 and contact ledge 13 are shown in theirinitial position in which they are held by pawl 46. Release of themeasuring and coupling device as well as the objective shutter takeplace in the embodiment shown by operation of a release button 47. Ifthis release button 47 moves downward, it takes along rail 48. By meansof a bolt guided in oblong hole 49, latch 46 is pulled by ledge 13 fromnose S2 of ledge 13 so that the automatic scanning of light value andadjustment of diaphragm can take place. Upon further sliding down ofrail 48, angle extension 50 takes along release lever 51 and releasesthe camera shutter.

It will be understood from the above that this invention is not limitedto the specific constructions, elements, designs and other detailsspecifically described above and illustrated in the drawings and can becarried out with various modifications without departing from the scopeof the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A photographic camera comprising members for adjustment of filmsensitivity, exposure time and diaphragm, respectively, for obtainingcorrect adjustment of exposure value; means for coupling said adjustingmembers over a lever system including a double-armed lever and having apivot displaceably arranged for consideration of at least one of saidvalues affecting the exposure; a rst slide and a second slide which arearranged in parallel position one behind the other and are connectedwith each other by a slot guide; one of said slides carrying said pivotand being displaceable over the member for adjustment of ilm sensitivityand the second slide being displaceable in conformity with a secondexposure factor in order to subject the pivot of the double-armed leverto a second displacement in dependence on said second exposure factor; ashutter time adjusting ring which is rotatable about the optical axis ofthe picture-taking objective and is provided with a ilap having acam-shaped recess, a pin fastened to said second slide being guided insaid recess in order to transmit the shutter time adjustment to thepivot of the double-armed lever.

2. A photographic camera as claimed in claim 1, in which the member foradjustment of film sensitivity consists of a rotatable disc which isprovided with a scale and is connected with a pinion which transmits theadjustment path of the disc to the rs-t slide, over a rack connectedwith the rst slide to which the double-armed lever is pivotallyconnected.

3. A photographic camera as claimed in claim 2, comprising meansscanning the measuring value of an electric exposure meter, forautomatic control of the lever system.

4. A photographic camera as claimed in claim 3, in which a rotary systemof the exposure meter is coupled with a rotatably arranged cam shaft andwhich comprises a contact member for scanning the angle of rotation ofsaid shaft, which corresponds to the measured light value, by means ofpins provided on said shaft.

5. A photographic camera as claimed in claim 4, comprising means forscanning the measured exposure value and transmitting it to the exposureorgan to be adjusted upon actuation of the operating member for theobjective shutter.

Rauch Feb. 28, 1939 Simmon Apr. 1, 1947

